Definition :
Horner's syndrome, also called oculosympathetic paresis, is a classic neurologic syndrome that interrupts the sympathetic nerves to the eye and face. This disease is very uncommon.
Etiology & Pathogenesis :
Horner's syndrome can be produced by a lesion anywhere along the sympathetic pathway that supplies the head, eye, and neck.
The sympathetic nerves connecting to the eye originate from the brain and it takes a long route. They descend along the spinal column to the chest, then ascend along the carotid arteries to the back of the eye. Therefore, a wide variety of conditions can cause a Horner's syndrome. The most concerning being the tumors.
Causes :
Horner’s syndrome can be congenital, acquired, or purely hereditary.
· Preganglionic Horner’s syndrome indicates a serious underlying pathology, and is associated with malignancy.
· Painful Horner’s syndrome suggests the possibility of internal carotid artery dissection.
· Postganglionic involvement has benign causes such as neck or thyroid surgery, or migraines.
. Brainstem stroke
. Posterior retroparotid space masstumor
- Parotid Gland Tumor
- Carotid body tumor
- Metastatic tumor
- Lymphoma
Rarely, Horner syndrome may be present at birth (congenital). In this case, the cause is not known. The condition may occur with a lack of pigmentation of the iris.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE :
Horner's syndrome causes a droopy eyelid and smaller pupil on one side of the face.
Treatment:
No specific treatment for Horner’s syndrome as treatment depends on the cause of the problem.
Possible complications:
There are no direct complications of the syndrome itself. However, complications may arise from the disease that caused this syndrome.
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